Combustion device utilizing thermoelectrical generation

ABSTRACT

This invention provides a portable combustion device that provides a cleaner combustion, provides a more efficient overall combustion through the use of a fan that directs a predetermined volume of airflow over the combustible fuel—typically wood or similar cellulose-based biological solids and provides a cooking surface that is a grill top. The combustion device has a combustion chamber into which the fuel source is placed for combustion. Mounted to the side of the combustion chamber is a housing that encloses the TEG, which generates an electrical output, based on a difference in temperature on opposing sides. Mounted onto the TEG housing and protruding into the combustion chamber through a small passageway is a heat-conducting probe and heat-conducting probe base unit.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/602,209, entitled PORTABLE COMBUSTION DEVICE UTILIZINGTHERMOELECTRICAL GENERATION, filed Jan. 21, 2015, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/929,861, filed Jan.21, 2014, entitled PORTABLE COMBUSTION DEVICE UTILIZING THERMOELECTRICALGENERATION, the entire disclosure of each of which applications isherein incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to combustion devices, such asfixed and portable cooking stoves, and more particularly to combustionarrangements that provide more efficient use of combustible materialsand the energy generated therefrom.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There exist a variety of portable combustion devices that may be used,for example, as a stove for cooking or heating, among other uses. In thepast, portable combustion devices required a variety of fuels such asthose used for liquid fuel stoves, portable and fixed wood stoves andcompressed gas fuel stoves. These stoves were used in a variety ofdifferent situations such as for camping, emergency or rescuesituations, during a power outage or a similar scenario when traditionallarger-scale cooking sources (for example gas/electric cooking rages andbarbeque grilles) are not available.

While previous devices did provide a combustion device, they all had thesimilar drawback that they all required a special fuel source. Whetherthe fuel was kerosene, gasoline, propane or a similar fuel source theyall required some canister of fuel to be purchased and carried alongwith the combustion device. These canisters may be a single usecanisters or multi-use canister. However, once the fuel is expended, anadditional fuel canister must be supplied to maintain combustion. Theavailability of fuel poses a serious drawback should the canister runout, especially if used for hiking, or emergency situations. Likely, itis impossible to obtain a new canister of gas or liquid fuel while outcamping or during an emergency, and even if it is possible, there is noguarantee that the person would be able to find replacements for theirtype of fuel and canister. Therefore the operator is required to bringextra canisters of fuel, which adds more weight, and the canistersbecome yet another accessory that must be carried in additional todevice. Moreover, should a person need to use their portable combustiondevice for an extended length of time, carrying a multitude of canistersfor fuel becomes impractical.

Additionally, the canisters of fuel must be disposed of properly afteruse. Since the canisters are often under pressure and most fuels areharmful or toxic, the canisters can not be left behind at a campsite, orduring an emergency scenario. In some cases the canister may not bethrown away like other types of trash, but need to be disposed in aspecial manner. With a variety of fuels, canister types, and portablecombustion devices, which are all made by different companies a personwould limited in their options and be forced to continue to use a singlefuel source.

Aside from the traditional campfire, there have been several attempts toovercome the disadvantages associated with fuel-burning cooking/heatingappliances, one such attempt being a biomass combustion device orbiomass stove. A biomass stove is able to burn a variety of biomassfuels such that a person would not be required to supply a compressedliquid fuel source for their portable combustion device. The user couldemploy whatever fuel is available to achieve the same combustion resultsas the previous devices. Additionally, the user need not dispose ofpotentially toxic canisters, and he or she would not be required tocarry the appliance's fuel source with him or her. Also, whatever fuelunused, can simply be left behind.

In fact, in many developing countries some form of biomass combustion orbiomass stove, burning wood chips, twigs, leaves, peat, etc. (orlow-grade coal in some instances) is often used as the primary cookingdevice for the family meal. Generally the biomass combustion is carriedout in some form of simple fire-driven stove, which is used for bothheating and cooking. However, biomass devices typically have drawbacksthat render them undesirable in many situations. For example, biomassstoves are not “clean” burning, that is they produce soot and smokeduring the combustion process, which can cover pots, pans, or even foodduring the combustion. Also, the smoke generated during the combustionprocess can make the biomass stoves potentially dangerous for indooruse—as the smoke contains large quantities of soot and other toxiccombustion products, including carbon monoxide. Nevertheless, suchstoves are often used in small indoor spaces with inadequate ventilationin developing countries. In addition, many biomass stoves are heavy,making them less suitable for field use, as they are not easilyportable.

One technique for increasing the efficiency of combustion is to providea driven airflow through the biomass using powered fan, using a varietyof motive power sources including, but not limited to, spring andclockwork mechanisms, compressed air/gas and electricity. In the field,the fan is typically driven by a battery or other electrical source.However, batteries may have a short life in use, and/or be discharged(dead), or be in need of recharging, when needed. In addition, batteriesare expensive and often unavailable to peoples of developing countries.In addition, batteries are environmentally unfriendly and often disposedof improperly.

Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a portable combustion devicethat is capable of being used as a stove for cooking and/or heating,which burns commonly available wood and other biomass, and providessimilar heat output as other liquid or gas fuels, without the need forbatteries or disposable/refillable canisters of fuel. The stove candesirably be easy to carry, low-maintenance and burn fuel withoutexhausting significant soot, smoke or toxic combustion byproducts. Thestove can desirably employ inexpensive and commercially availablecomponents and conventional construction techniques in its manufacture.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,297,271, issued Oct. 31, 2012, entitled PORTABLECOMBUSTION DEVICE UTILIZING THERMOELECTRICAL GENERATION, by Jonathan M.Cedar and Alexander H. Drummond, describes a portable combustion stove,the teachings of which are herein incorporated by reference.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention overcomes disadvantages of the prior art by providing aportable combustion device that provides a cleaner combustion andprovides a more efficient overall combustion through the use of a fanthat directs a predetermined volume of airflow over the combustiblefuel—typically wood or similar cellulose-based biological solids. Thedirection of airflow is accomplished without the need for canister fuelsor external power sources using the stove's own generated heat with theaid of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) and novel heat sink arrangementto generate electricity that powers the fan, and drives the airflow.

In an illustrative embodiment, the combustion device has a combustionchamber into which the fuel source is placed for combustion. Mounted tothe wall (for example along a side) of the combustion chamber is ahousing that encloses the TEG, which generates an electrical outputbased on a difference in temperature on opposing sides (a “hot side” anda “cold side”) of the thermoelectric device, wherein the larger thedifferential, the larger the electrical output. Mounted onto the TEGhousing and protruding into the combustion chamber through a smallpassageway is a heat-conducting probe and heat-conducting probe baseunit. The heat-conducting probe is constructed from a material capableof efficiently transferring the heat generated in the combustion chamberto the heat-conducting probe base, which is in contact with the hot sideof the TEG device. On the opposing cold side, the TEG is also in contactwith a heat sink having a plurality of independent vanes extending fromthe base, which is designed to remove heat from the TEG device throughinteraction with ambient air that passes over the vanes from a portlocated along the side of the TEG housing. Additionally, the TEG housinghas a motor and a airflow driver in the form of a fan (for example anaxial centrifugal fan that employs moving blades, vanes or the like todrive air) near the heat sink to further draw air away from the heatsink and/or blow ambient air through the heat sink into the combustionchamber (depending in part upon where the airflow driver(s) is/arelocated with respect to the heat sink) and aid in the cooling of theheat sink, and to force air onto the combusting fuel through a pluralityof peripheral ports that connect with an air space located between theinner and outer walls of the combustion chamber. This arrangementthereby affords the fan-driven airflow the dual purpose of cooling thecold side of the TEG to create a higher heat differential between it andthe hot side of the probe and oxidizing the burning fuel, while alsoinsulating the TEG housing from the hot inner walls of the innerflame-contacting part of the combustion chamber.

As the fuel is combusted within the combustion chamber, heat isproduced. The heat creates a difference in temperature between the sidesof the TEG, thus producing an electrical current output. As thetemperature rises, the heat sink cools the device on the opposing sideof the TEG creating an even larger temperature differential, and inturn, creating a larger electrical output. This electrical output istransmitted to the motor that is driving the fan, which in turn, drawsor blows cooler ambient air across the heat sink thus promoting moreefficient, oxygen-rich combustion of the fuel. This cycle essentiallycreates a feedback loop, which quickly increases the efficiency of thecombustion once it begins.

Moreover, the airflow driver draws or blows outside air into the TEGhousing to further cool down the heat sink by drawing cooler outside airacross it, as well as drawing the air near the heat sink away from theheat sink. This will cool one side of the TEG device creating a largertemperature differential, which will increase the electrical output todrive motor and fan structure, which will continue to draw more into theTEG housing. Additionally, any surplus electricity from the TEG can beused as part of a cogeneration system to power a charging system for avariety of electrical or electronic devices having appropriate powerconsumption levels relative to the available heat energy. Such devicescan include, for example a radio, light or cellphone charger.Additionally, the airflow driver draws or blows the ambient air from theheat sink and forces the air into the combustion chamber creating moreturbulence within the chamber insuring a more efficient combustion. Allof these components provide a system that promotes a portable orstationary combustion device which is capable of using biomass fuelsthat does not require canisters or an external power supply. Theinvention thereby provides a cleaner burning of biomass fuels, and theuse of the TEG device in this configuration ensures a quicker kindlingperiod as well as more efficient combustion. More particularly, theplacement of the TEG and its heat-conducting probe, so as to receiveoptimized heat transfer from the flame and thereby more quickly heat theTEG, ensures quicker operation of the fan/airflow driver, and obviatesthe need for a startup battery. Additionally, the heat conducting probedefines a conduit for conducting heat from a remote flame or heatsource. This discrete heat conduit enables a variety of many flexibledesign configurations where the TEG and airflow driver can be placed onthe outside surface or remotely from (and typically near) any combustiondevice such as biomass stoves, barbeques, grills, camp fires, butane,alcohol and propane burners, and any other source of open flame and/orheat convection (for example a heated airflow).

In an illustrative embodiment, the combustion device includes acombustion chamber comprising an inner wall defining a combustion spacethat contains, and is in communication with, a biomass fuel source. ATEG is located outside the outer wall and including a thermallyconnected heat-conducting probe on a hot side thereof that extends intothe combustion space. The TEG further includes a heat sink thermallyconnected to a cold side thereof. A motorized airflow driver iselectrically connected to the TEG, and is arranged to draw air form anambient source, over the heat sink and into the interface port so as togenerate a positive pressure in the airspace and direct airflow throughthe plurality of ports and into the combustion space. The inner wallillustratively includes a lower and upper set of peripheral ports thatallow the airflow that is driven into the space between the chamberwalls to be injected into the interior of the chamber to mix with theburning fuel therein. A deflector is positioned in front of the port inthe outer wall to direct the flow of air into a circular pattern, thuscreating improved mixture of air and combustion gas, and generating amore-distributed flow within the space. A combustion device comprising acombustion chamber comprising an inner wall defining a combustion spacethat contains, and is in communication with, a biomass fuel source andan outer wall having a side-mounted interface port allowing access ofairflow into the combustion space enclosed within the outer wall; athermoelectric generator (TEG) housing located outside the outer walland including at least one thermally connected heat-conducting probe ona hot side thereof that extends into the combustion space, the TEGfurther including a heat sink thermally connected to a cold sidethereof; a cooking surface including a baffle, the baffle being moveablebetween an open condition and a closed condition; and a motorizedairflow driver electrically connected to the TEG and constructed andarranged to drive air from an ambient source, over the heat sink andinto the interface port so as to generate a positive pressure in thecombustion space. When the baffle is in a closed baffle condition, itdisperses combustion across the cooking surface. When the baffle is inan open baffle condition, it allows the combustion gasses to risevertically up the center of the cooking surface. The cooking surfacecomprises a grill top. The TEG is connected to a rechargeable battery.The user interface includes a port configured to connect to an electricdevice such that the electric device is charged by the battery. A methodof charging an electric device comprising igniting fuel within aportable combustion device to generate heat within the portablecombustion device; generating an electric current using the portablecombustion device based in part on heat from the fuel; charging abattery with the electric current; powering the electronic device withthe battery; sensing an output voltage of the battery while powering theelectronic device; and controlling the electric current generated by theportable combustion device based in part on the output voltage of thebattery.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention description below refers to the accompanying drawings, ofwhich:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portable combustion device, showingthe combustion chamber and TEG housing fully assembled, according to anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the portable combustion device, accordingto the illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the portable combustion device of FIG. 1according to an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along lines 4-4 of FIG. 1 according toan illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 5 is perspective view of the portable combustion device in useaccording to an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of the grill top with a baffle closedaccording to an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a top perspective view of the grill top with a baffle openaccording to an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the portable combustiondevice showing the details of the TEG housing according to anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 8A is a schematic view of the TEG housing according to anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view along lines 4-4 of FIG. 1 showing theairflow movement within the portable combustion device according to anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a frontal view of the user interface of the portablecombustion device according to an illustrative embodiment; and

FIG. 11 is a generalized schematic diagram of the TEG unit powercircuitry according to an embodiment that includes a cogenerationcircuit and power storage capabilities.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. General

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a portablecombustion device that generates power and heat by efficiently (i.e.cleanly) burning a biomass fuel. It should be clear that, the term“biomass” can be taken broadly to include any fuel, coal, oil, wasteproducts, etc., that will burn more cleanly and efficiently by injectionof air during combustion. Likewise, a further advantage of increasedefficiency in the burning of fuel is that less fuel is consumed for agiven heat output.

FIGS. 1-4 show various views of the portable combustion device 100according to an illustrative embodiment of this invention. With respectto FIG. 1, the exemplary portable combustion device 100 is relativelycylindrical in shape and is comprised of an internal combustion or burnchamber 102, and a TEG (thermoelectric generator) housing 110constructed of a durable polymer or lightweight metal, such as analuminum casting, as shown in FIG. 1. A grill top 120 is positioned atthe top of the portable combustion device, above the combustion chamber102. The portable combustion device 100 is provided with a handle 130for carrying, cleaning and is supported by a plurality of foldable legs132. The overall height OH of the portable combustion device isapproximately 24 inches (about 61 cm). The overall weight isapproximately 20 pounds (about 9 kg). The handle 130 and legs 132 areformed of wire. In other embodiments, they can be formed of a suitablepolymer. The grill top 120 is circular and is comprised of a grillgrating 122, a perforated heat plate 124 and a lever operated baffle126. The baffle lever 128 moves within a slot 129 that is formed withinthe outer combustion chamber wall 104 that is flared outwards at thegrill top so as to be a broad cooking surface. The combustion chamber102 is preferably made of a lightweight, durable metal, capable ofwithstanding the high temperature of combustion with an open flame. Thedepicted portable combustion device 100 is constructed from steel (e.g.stainless steel sheet having a thickness of 1/32- 1/16 inch, variously)and aluminum sheet, with polymeric components where appropriate. It canbe constructed of any material capable of withstanding the hightemperatures of combustion supporting a weighted cooking vessel, andformed into the correct shape as required. Such temperatures can be inthe range of 1200-1600 degrees F. In other embodiments, other materialscan be used to construct the combustion chamber, such as aluminum,titanium, ceramic, brick, or any other material (or combination ofmaterials) that is durable and capable of with standing hightemperatures. Likewise, the shape of the combustion chamber is variableand may be any perimeter and three-dimensional shape, so long as itprovides an adequate chamber for combustion of fuels. In theillustrative embodiment, the combustion chamber is a cylinder with aninner and a shaped outer wall structure providing an airspacetherebetween. In alternate embodiments, the combustion chamber can be amore basic enclosure in which the fuel is enclosed to create a flame andallows for injection of air thereinto in accordance with this invention(described below with reference to an “universal” TEG device).

The TEG housing 110 is provided with a front face 111 that is both anair intake and a user interface. The TEG housing 110 is connected to theportable combustion device 100 with sheet metal brackets. The air intake112 is covered by a perforated cover plate and behind the plate are anair filter panel and an intake fan. The user interface 114 can include aport 115, e.g., Universal Serial Bus (“USB”), a cold status button 116and a series of Light-emitting diodes (“LEDs”) 117 that indicate thestatus of the TEG temperature 118 and the battery charge 119. In otherexamples, the port 115 can be any other type of port, such as amicro-USB, mini-USB, two/three prong outlet, etc.

The portable combustion device 100 is constructed and arranged with anopening 140 that provides access to the interior of the combustionchamber 102. An ash tray 142 is positioned at the bottom of the opening140 and receives the residue of combustion from the combustion chamber.A fuel feed rack 144 is positioned above the ash tray 142. The fuel feedrack 144 provides for the deliberate insertion of fuel (for example,wood sticks) into the combustion chamber.

The combustion chamber 102 is an enclosed space with the opening 140 onthe lower front and a vertical exhaust for the combustion gases thatextends to the grill top 120. The combustion chamber is provided with acentral combustion chamber 150, an outer combustion chamber wall 152 andan airspace 154 therebetween. The outer combustion chamber wall 152provides a barrier to protect against the high temperature within thecentral combustion chamber 150. The air space 154 is a second heatbarrier and is between approximately ½ inch in radius and approximately2 inches in an embodiment.

The illustrative outer combustion chamber wall 152 is constructed fromrelatively thin-gauge stainless steel as well. However, in an alternateembodiment other durable materials, such as aluminum or a compositematerial can be employed. In a still further embodiment, the outercombustion chamber wall 152 can be a modular design such that it may beremovably secured to the portable combustion device 100.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the exemplary portable combustion device100 of FIG. 1. The grill top 120 is an assembly comprising a grillgrating 11, a perforated heat plate 124 and a lever-operated baffle 126.The heat plate 124 is constructed with a central aperture 202. Theinterior bottom 203 of the grill top is constructed with a plurality ofdetents arranged around the perimeter that are supports 204 for thegrill grating 122. A central aperture 208 provides an exhaust port forcombustion gases rising from the inner combustion chamber 150 directlybelow. This aperture in turn aligns with the heat plate central aperture202. The baffle handle 210 extends through the slot 129. The ash tray142 is provided with two wire hooks 212 for securing the ash tray withinthe opening 140.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the portable combustion device 100 with thebaffle 126 closed and covering the aperture 202. The baffle handle 300is a lever that is attached at one end 302 to the heat plate 124 by theengagement of an L-shaped bent end with a hole in the heat plate 124.The baffle handle 300 is attached at the other end 304 to the baffle 126by a spot-welded joint, or another attachment. Elongated perforations306 are radially disposed around the central aperture 202 in three rows,310, 320, 330. In an embodiment, row 310 is provided with 16perforations 306. Row 320 is provided with 32 perforations. Row 330 isprovided with 64 perforations. The perforations 306 are openings thatpermit combustion gases to pass when the baffle 126 covers the centralaperture 202. The radial arrangement of the perforations provides thatthe thermal heat of the combustion gasses is evenly dispersed as ittravels outward from the baffle toward the edge s of the grill. Theprogression of the perforations evenly heats the grill. In otherembodiments, a plurality of holes can be used. The succession ofincreasing holes as the heat travels outwards from the center maintainsand preserves some of the heat so that the outermost edges heat asreadily as the central part of the grill. In other embodiments, thenumber of perforations arranged in each row, the shape of theperforations and the number of rows can vary. The overall diameter TD ofthe grill top is approximately 14 inches (about 35 cm). In otherembodiments, this diameter can be greater.

FIG. 4 is a cross-section view that shows the interior of the combustionchamber 102 in greater detail. The central combustion chamber 150 iscomprised of three regions, 402, 404, 406. A first region 402 is alateral chamber that receives the fuel and some combustion can occur inthis region. A second region 404 is a combustion chamber that is open atone side where it adjoins region 402, and above, where combustion passesare carried vertically into region 406. A back wall 408 forms the rearof region 404. A sloped floor plate 410 extends from the back wall 408to the opening 140. The floor plate 410 is higher at its juncture 412with the back wall 408 than its juncture 414 with the opening 140. Thisslope carries ash and other combustion residue away from the combustionchamber regions 404, 402 to the ash tray 142 using gravity. Combustiongasses rise from the second region 404 into a third region 406 thatfunctions as a chimney. The heated gasses rise to a top opening 416 andpass into the grill top 120. The top opening 416 is surrounded by aconical grill bottom 418 that is disposed within the grill top 120 andprovides a barrier between the more intense heat of the combustion gasesand the outer combustion chamber wall 104. The ash tray 142 is connectedto the portable combustion device 100 at a lateral slot 420 at the frontopening 140 by engagement of hooks 212. The legs 132 raise the portablecombustion device 100 so that the bottom 422 is elevated to a height BHabove the ground level of approximately 8 inches (20 cm). It should beclear that the dimensions provided herein are exemplary of a device of agiven device size and that the relative sizes of components can bevaried where a larger or smaller combustion device is desired. In theillustrative embodiment, the inner walls 408, 460, 462, 464 and bottom470 are constructed from a unitary-stamped or built I up/welded-togetherconstruction of stainless steel, and the outer walls 152 and bottom 470are constructed from sheet aluminum that is formed into the illustrated“pot” shape.

Note, as used herein terms such as up, down, vertical, horizontal,radial, axial, and the like are meant to refer to relative directions inview of the depiction of the device 100 with respect to a conventionalhorizontal supporting surface with a vertical/perpendicularly directedgravitational field acting thereupon. More generally, as used herein thedirectional terms, such as, but not limited to, “up” and “down”,“upward” and “downward”, “rearward” and “forward”, “top” and “bottom”,“inside” and “outer”, “front” and “back”, “inner” and “outer”,“interior” and “exterior”, “downward” and “upward”, “horizontal” and“vertical” should be taken as relative conventions only, rather thanabsolute indications of orientation or direction with respect to adirection of the force of gravity. These terms are meant to beconventions only, and not absolute directions.

II. Mechanical

The portable combustion device 100 can be utilized for a variety ofpurposes, including but not limited to producing electricity, heat,grilling and boiling pots of liquids and foods. A combustion source canalso be a social gathering focus for people enjoying the out of doors.FIG. 5 shows the portable combustion device 100 in use as a combustionsource. Fuel 500 is set in the feed tray, ignited and pushed through theopening 140 into the inner combustion chamber. Residue 502 has emergedfrom the opening 140 and is deposited in the ash tray 142. This ash tray142 is removable and can be removed for clearing and cleaning before,during and after the combustion, as desired. The baffle handle 300 ispositioned so that the baffle is closed over opening 202 and thecombustion gasses are dispersed evenly across the heat plate 124 andpasses through the plurality of perforations therein and generallydisperse the heat. In this mode, the grill top 120 can handle multipleportions 504 of illustrative grill top food. When the baffle handle 300is moved in the slot 129 to the opposite end of the slot and the baffle124 is removed from the opening 202, a direct flow of the combustiongasses can heat a single illustrative vessel 506. This baffle movementis shown more particularly in FIGS. 6-7.

FIG. 6 depicts a grill top 120 with the grill handle 300 residing at oneend of the slot 129 and the baffle 126 closing off the opening 202,causing the combustion gases to move laterally across the bottom of theheat plate 124 in a “closed baffle” condition. The gasses pass throughrows 310, 320, 300 of various perforations 306. The baffle 126 isprovided with a plurality of small perforations 600 to heat the centerportion of the grill grating 122. In the closed baffle condition,combustion gasses 602 rise from the array of perforations 600, 306 towarm foods placed upon the grill grating 122.

FIG. 7 shows the grill top 120 in an “open baffle” condition. Thiscondition is created by the movement of the baffle handle 300 to theopposite end of the slot, causing the baffle 126 to move away from theopening and expose opening 202. As noted above, opening 202 is a directvertical vent from the inner combustion chamber below. A direct columnof combustion gasses 700 rises up the center of the grill top. Thisbaffle condition provides a focused stream of combustion gasses forcooking a single vessel or pot.

III. Electrical

FIG. 8 is a top cross section view of the exemplary portable combustiondevice 100 showing the TEG housing 110 in greater detail. The TEGhousing is constructed and arranged to reside along the outer surface ofthe combustion chamber 102. The front of the TEG housing 110 has a userinterface and a perforated air intake 112. A fan 800 located behind theair intake 112 is operated by a controller, e.g., microprocessor (notshown), draws air into the TEG housing and impels it down a TEG housingchannel 804. The air passes through a removable filter element 812located between the inlet 112 and the fan 800. A portion of the airpasses into an inlet 806, through a passage 808 and into the combustionchamber 150 at through a plurality of ports 810 in the wall of thecombustion chamber to add pressure to the chamber. Another portion ofthe air continues to pass through the TEG housing channel 804. Thispasses through and past a heat sink 819. A heat sink is in closeproximity to the cold side of the TEG 818. The heat sink 819 is arrangedsuch that there is a “vee” shaped channel 821 for the air to pass andcarry off some of the radiating thermal energy from the heat sink. Afterpassing the heat sink 819, the heated air flows into an outlet 842 andthrough the exhaust outlet 844. A heat probe 820 passes through a hightemperature gasket 850 into the chamber 150. A storage battery (notshown) is located near the inlet and along the outer TEG housing wall816. The battery is in electrical contact with the controller. Thebattery storage has a capacity of 3 watt hours. The battery is arechargeable lithium battery and can be a lithium iron disulfide(Li—FeS2) type battery. In other embodiments, a different type ofbattery of another capacity can be used and charge capacities can varyaccordingly.

The TEG 818 is mounted on a base 848 along the TEG housing inner wall819. A heat-conducting probe 820 is secured to the TEG housing 110 atthe thermally conductive heat-conducting probe base 848, which is indirect, thermally transmitting contact with the “hot side” of a TEGdevice 818. The heat-conducting probe 820 can be constructed from anyacceptable heat-conducting material, such as steel, copper, graphite oraluminum. The heat probe is a solid casting and has a pair of fins 852.The heat probe fins 852 are located in chamber 406, above the combustionand acquire thermal energy for transfer to the TEG 818. The heat probeallows for greater transmission of heat from the combustion area to theTEG as it intercepts the flames created by the combustion. Theheat-conducting probe base 822 can be a cast or milled material that isalso any acceptable material, such as steel, aluminum, graphite orcopper. It should be clear that the make, model and performancespecifications of the particular TEG or TEGs (where an array of two ormore TEGs is used) employed in an embodiment can vary significantlydepending upon power requirements, size and cost, among other factors.

In alternate embodiments, the TEG unit can be an integral section of thecombustion chamber, and can be removed with that section of the chamberitself. Such permanent or semi-permanent fixing can be achieved byforming the TEG housing integrally or unitarily with the associatedcombustion device or applying it to a wall of the device using fasteners(e.g. rivets or screws) that do not lend themselves to rapid removal byonly a few movements and/or without tools.

The illustrative TEG housing 110 is a modular design and is a singleintegrated device. The TEG housing 110 is secured to the combustionchamber 102 with clips, fasteners or other devices known in the art forsecuring objects together (for example, sheet metal brackets). Likewise,the TEG unit (or units) can be located remote from the combustionchamber and device wall, being connected mainly by an appropriatelysized heat-conducting probe and an air conduit in communication with theairflow driver so as to deliver a stream of air from a remote location.

When the TEG housing 110 is securely locked in place against the wall,the passage 808, which is located in the rear of the TEG housing alongwall 230, is in engagement with an inlet 810 formed in the combustionchamber. In an illustrative embodiment, the inlet 810 may include aheat-resistant gasket (constructed from silicone, for example) to form aseal between the TEG housing 110 and the combustion chamber 150 in theregion of the inlet 810. In other embodiments, a seal between the TEGhousing 110 and the combustion chamber 150 can be constructed fromdurable material capable of withstanding elevated temperatures andproviding a sufficient seal between two components.

In general, the TEG is selected for high-hot-side temperatureapplications due to its exposure to the flame of the combustion chamber.However, where heat exposure is reduced through insulators, and thelike, or by sizing the thermal conductivity of the heat probe, alower-temperature TEG can be employed. High-temperature TEGs aretypically assembled using a high-temperature solder and/or similarattachment mechanism. On the opposing, “cold side” of the TEG device 818is a heat sink 819. There is an electrical connection between the fan800 and the TEG 818 so that the fan voltage does not have to directlymatch the TEG voltage. In alternate embodiments, any acceptable fanarrangement can be employed including a radially, directedpropeller-style blade set joined to a common hub. In general, the terms“airflow driver” and “fan” should be taken broadly to include anyacceptable driven, air-moving/driving structure or device. Clearly, thesize and power-handling of the motor as well as the size and airflow ofthe fan are highly variable. The air flow produced by the fan 800 inpart pressurizes the combustion chamber and in part cools the heat sink.In alternate embodiments, the fan and motor can be varied to suit adiffering TEG output and/or where multiple TEG/airflow driver assembliesare employed. In an illustrative embodiment the impeller is made of adurable plastic. In alternate embodiments the fan 800 can be made ofother materials, such as steel, aluminum or any material known in theart used for making reliable, efficient, and lightweight fan structures.

It is expressly contemplated that the placement of the fan or otherairflow-driving mechanism with respect to the TEG and its heat sink ishighly variable. Additionally, one or more motors or other drivingdevices can be arranged to both pull (as shown) and blow airflow withrespect to the heat sink. The term “draw” should thus be taken broadlyto embody any of these airflow-driving arrangements.

The wiring and circuitry used to connect the TEG and motor have beenomitted in the drawing for clarity. The electrical connections andassociated control circuitry can be implemented in accordance withwell-known electronic principles. As soon as the TEG begins to producepower, the circuitry starts up and the fan begins to move air throughthe TEG. This occurs during the starting of the combustion process, whenkindling is being used. More generally for power storage is useful insupporting various cogeneration arrangements as described further belowby ensuring that the output of power is always sufficient to support therequirements of the connected device or devices. Whenever TEG outputattains a predetermined output level in excess of draw by the deviceand/or fan motor, the system's control circuitry engages a chargingcircuit of conventional design, which replaces the battery's orcapacitor's spent energy.

As air is fed into the interior of the inner combustion chamber 150 amore efficient combustion will be created, whereby less fuel is requiredto transfer heat to the TEG device 818. The result is a feedback systemwhere the heat from the combustion, and cooling of the heat sink, powersthe fan 800, which further promotes an increased efficiency of thecombustion, reducing the fuel and increasing the efficiency of thecombustion. The illustrative embodiment provides a device having ashorter, more-efficient kindling period, as well as substantiallymore-efficient overall combustion. The use of the conventionalbiomass-type fuels eliminates the need for purchasing, carrying, anddisposing of potentially toxic fuel sources. Additionally, the TEGdevice 818 eliminates the need for batteries or other external powersources to drive or start the airflow driver that is used to promote themore efficient combustion process. The novel placement and arrangementof airflow-generating and delivery structures also increases theefficiency of the device. The above-described invention generallyprovides an apparatus and method that is capable of being used in a widevariety of situations, from camping, emergency situations, or used in adeveloping country as a primary heat and/or cooking source.

FIG. 8A is a diagram of the air flow as depicted in a top view. The airflow enters the air intake 112 and is filtered by the filter 812. Theair ten passes through the fan 800 and enters the TEG housing channel804. A portion passes into inlet 806 and eventually, as set forth above,enters chamber 406. Another portion passes over and through the heatsink 821 and exhausts though the exhaust outlet 844.

FIG. 9 is the cross section view of FIG. 4 with the air flow depicted.When a combustion source is ignited and a combustion 900 is initiated,the air begins to be drawn into the opening 140 and a drawing flow 901begins from the opening to the combustion chamber region 404 where thecombustion is occurring. This causes to air flows to begin. A first airflow is the initial upward combustion gas flow 902. A second air flow isinitiated by the TEG when it begins to produce a current and the fan 800starts to draw air into the TEG housing 110 and impel that air throughthe TEG housing and into the combustion chamber at outlet 810. This flowof air combines with flow 902 to create a flow 906 that drives the gasesupwards to the grill top 120.

FIG. 10 shows the status interface 114 for the portable combustiondevice 100 that is positioned on the face of the TEG housing 110. Theinterface 114 is positioned above air intake 112. The interface isprovided with two rows 117, 118 of LEDs 1002, an on/off button 119 and apower on LED indicator 1004. The controller determines the display ofLEDs based on the observation by internal probes and the achievement ofpreset parameters. This can be accomplished by a simple “look up” tablein the controller. Rows 117, 118 are arrayed in a series, one beside theother. Each is comprised of 4 LEDs 1002. In other embodiments, thearrangement of the LEDs can vary and the number of LEDs in each row canbe greater or lesser than four each, regardless of the other. The LEDdisplays can be actuated by instructions from the controller (notshown). In the illustrative embodiment, a first row 117 of LEDs 1002displays are arranged in increasing order of the status of thetemperature of the “hot” side of the TEG. A second row 118 of LEDs 1002displays are arranged in increasing order of the status of the batterycharge. In other embodiments, the rows can be reversed. The statuslights are initiated and will vary in display based on preset settingsfor temperature and batter charge. With respect to the TEG temperaturerow 117, the first position LED 1010 represents the lowest temperature.The initiation of the heating/generation stage automatically turns themicrocontroller controller on and turns on the display. The “hot” sideof the TEG is still relatively cool; the temperature differentialbetween the respective sides of the TEG is low.

Increasing heat causes the temperature to rise along the combustionchamber and the next preset temperature is attained. The controllerswitches on the second LED 1012. The temperature differential betweenthe respective TEG sides is increasing, and that in turn increases thepower output of the TEG. When the next preset temperature setting isreached, the controller turns on LED 1014. As the temperature riseshigher, the final preset temperature setting is reached and thecontroller turns on LED 1016.

The battery charge row 118 shows the charge available by a sequence ofLEDs 336 that range from lowest to highest. The controller reviews thecharge status according to preset levels. The first LED 1020 is turnedon by the controller when the charge is at the lowest level. A secondLED 1022 is turned on by the controller at a next preset level. A thirdLED 1024 is turned on by the controller at a next preset level. A fourthLED 1026 is turned on by the controller at the next and highest presetlevel. When the portable combustion device is cold and no combustion istaking place, the level of battery charge can be accessed by the on/offswitch 119. Indicator light 1004 is illuminated when the TEG isgenerating power. In an embodiment, the LEDs 1002 are all uniform incolor when illuminated. In other embodiments, the LEDs can be colorcoded (for example, red for the lowest, yellow for the next highest, andgreen for the highest two).

FIG. 11 depicts a block diagram of an exemplary control system 1100 ofthe combustion device 100 according to one or more aspects of thedisclosure. As shown, the system 1100 can include a controller 1110. Thecontroller 1110 can be any type of processor, such as an analogmicroprocessor or digital microprocessor, and can include one or moreprocessors. The controller 1110 can also include a temporary orpermanent memory for storing data or instructions that can be called,retrieved, performed, or executed by the controller 1110.

The system 1100 can include a TEG 1120, e.g., TEG 818 as shown above inFIG. 8. As described above, the TEG 1120 can generate an electricalvoltage based on a temperature differential between the “hot” and “cold”sides. The magnitude of the voltage can be in proportion to thedifference in temperature between the two sides of the TEG 1120.

The TEG 1120 can be directly or indirectly connected to a battery 1130.The battery 1130 can be any type of battery, such as a rechargeablebattery. In one example, the battery 1130 can be a lithium-ion battery,such as a lithium-iron disulfide battery. In other examples, any type ofbattery 1130 can be chosen based on any number of factors, such asphysical size, charge/discharge efficiency, discharge rate, cycledurability, or cell voltage.

As discussed above, the TEG 1120 can provide an electrical current tothe battery 1130. In turn, the battery 1130 can be charged by theelectrical current provided by the TEG 1120. The battery 1130 can storethe charge and thereby charge a device connected directly or indirectlyto the port 1150. The device can be, for example, a computing device,such as a personal computer, laptop, tablet, mobile phone, smart phone,or wearable computing system. The device can be any other type of devicethat is capable of being charged and/or discharged.

The controller 1110 can monitor or measure parameters of the TEG 1120and/or the battery 1130 and control either or both of the TEG 1120and/or battery 1130 based in part on the monitored or measuredparameters. For example, the controller 1110 can monitor a currentoutput of the TEG 1120. If the current output is too high, e.g., greaterthan a current threshold, this can indicate that there is a malfunctionof the TEG 1120. As described above, this can result in mechanicaldamage to the TEG 1120 or the portable combustion device 100 in general.In this regard, the controller 1110 can compare the current output to afirst current threshold such that, when the current is greater than thefirst threshold current, a warning or alarm is displayed at the userinterface 1160, or additionally or alternatively, the device 100 isdisabled. In another example, the controller 1110 can monitor atemperature of the cold side of the TEG 1120. In this regard, if thetemperature of the cold side is greater than a predetermined temperaturethreshold, then an alarm or warning state may be displayed at the userinterface 1160 or additionally or alternatively, the device 100 isdisabled. The first current threshold can be any threshold, and can bepredetermined, stored in a lookup table, or can be determined by analgorithm.

Additionally, if the current output of the TEG 1120 is too low, e.g., isbelow a second threshold current, this can indicate that the TEG 1120 isno longer exposed to the temperature differential necessary to generatea current. In this regard, the controller 1110 can deactivate any of thebattery 1130, boost circuit 1140, port 1150, or user interface 1160 inthis condition to prevent further discharge of current to a device.

The controller 1110 can also monitor the temperature or voltage outputof the battery 1130. In some examples, a battery temperature that is toohigh can indicate a state of overcharge and can result in batteryfailure. In this regard, the controller 1110 can compare a sensedbattery temperature to a threshold battery temperature. If the sensedtemperature is greater than the threshold temperature, the controller1110 can activate a short circuit 1125 that at least temporarily directscurrent away from the battery to allow the temperature to return to alower level. The threshold can be a predetermined threshold based on theselected battery 1130, or can be preset, stored in a lookup table, orcan be determined by an algorithm.

The controller 1110 can also monitor the voltage output of the battery1130. If the voltage output of the battery 1130 exceeds a firstthreshold voltage, the controller 1110 can activate a short circuit 1125connected to the TEG 1120 to prevent any further charging of thebattery. If the voltage output of the battery 1130 falls below a secondthreshold, which can be lower than the first threshold, the TEG 1120 maydeactivate the short circuit 1125, thereby allowing current to chargethe battery 1130 once again. The selection of first and secondthresholds may be predetermined, or may be done according to look-uptable or algorithm stored on a memory of the controller 1110.

The battery 1130 can connect directly or indirectly to a boost circuit1140, e.g., a boost convertor or a step-up circuit. The boost circuit1140 can output a voltage that is greater than an output voltage of thebattery 1130. In this regard, the output voltage of the boost circuit1140 can be selected according to any number of factors, such as thevoltage requirements of a connected device. Based on the selection ofTEG 1120, battery 1130, and boost circuit 1140, the power output of theboost circuit 1140 can have a maximum output of 12 watts and can providea continuous power output of approximately 8 watts.

The boost circuit 1140 can be connected directly or indirectly to a port1150. The port 1150 can be any type of port, such as a USB port,micro-USB port, mini-USB port, or any other type of port capable ofconnecting to an electronic device. In other examples, the port 1150 cantransmit data from the controller 1110, or a memory of the controller1110, to an electronic device connected thereto. In yet another example,the port 1150 can be a conventional two or three-prong outlet.

The controller 1110 can also connect to a user interface 1160. The userinterface can be any type of user interface, such as one or more statusindicators, one or more audio alerts, a display device, a touch screen,or any other type of interface that can accept user input or indicate astatus.

It should be clear that the above-described embodiments provide a highlyversatile device combustion-enhancing and/or energy-generating for bothportable and fixed-base applications. The design lends itself tointegration in many types of cooking and heating arrangements, using avariety of fuels and techniques for venting air and exhaust gasses. Thevarious embodiments are relatively inexpensive to produce, low- orno-maintenance and easy to use. Such designs are, thus, well suited tocamps and bush environments, as well as use in developing countries.

The foregoing has been a detailed description of illustrativeembodiments of the invention. Various modifications and additions can bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. Eachof the various embodiments described above may be combined with otherdescribed embodiments in order to provide multiple features.Furthermore, while the foregoing describes a number of separateembodiments of the apparatus and method of the present invention, whathas been described herein is merely illustrative of the application ofthe principles of the present invention. For example, as used herein todescribe the portable combustion device, the term “smoke-free” or“waste-free” is intended to mean that the device operates by burning afuel while producing very little to no smoke as it burns the fuel. Theterm “TEG” as used herein should be taken broadly to refer to a varietyof equivalent devices that are capable of converting heat form a sourceinto electrical energy in a manner that can be used in accordance withthe general arrangement of components described and contemplated inaccordance with this invention. The TEG device can comprise an array ofdevices, each in communication with a portion of the heat source/flamewhere appropriate. Likewise, while an exemplary size range is provides,this is only an example and this invention contemplates larger orsmaller-scale device where appropriate. The combustion device asdescribed herein has been largely cylindrical in shape with a generallycircular perimeter, particularly the combustion chamber and heat shield.However, its perimeter may define any cross-sectional shape includingsquare, rectangular, triangular, and the like. The stove or othercombustion arrangement can be constructed and arranged to receiveinitial and/or replacement fuel from any position, including, but notlimited to bottom-feed, top-feed and side-feed. Also, while thecross-sectional shape of the probe is generally circular (cylindrical),the cross section can vary. For example, the cross section shape can berectangular, polygonal, ovular or irregular. Likewise, the grill top canbe constructed and arranged in other polygonal shapes, e.g., a square orrectangle. In addition, while the depicted embodiment provides a singlecombustion chamber 102 for the overall device 100, it is expresslycontemplated that the device can include a plurality of individualcombustion chambers with respective standoffs for receiving individualcooking implements, etc. In such a multi-burner implementation, eachburner can be serviced by an interconnected TEG system that providesforced air throughout the burner group at all times, or by individualTEG units that are independently operated based upon the heat present inthat particular burner. Likewise, each burner (in either a single ormultiple-burner device) can have more than one TEG unit. This can be, inpart dependent on the overall size and capacity of the particularburner. For example, a smaller-scale burner such as combustion chamber102 may require a single TEG unit, while a larger diameter/volume burnermay require multiple TEG units (housings 110) positioned atpredetermined locations on the device. In this manner, a single size andshape housing can be used on a variety of device sizes and scales, bychanging the number of units mounted thereon.

Additionally, while the airflow driver in the depicted embodiments isgenerally a fan, such as an impeller, the energy can be used to storeair pressure (using a compressor and storage tank), for release atappropriate times (and in appropriate volume) via a valve and conduit.Alternatively, the airflow driver can comprise a compressor or suctionpump that draws air at a desired rate. As device that generates desiredairflow can be considered an airflow driver for the purposes of thisdescription. Furthermore, while the combustion chamber of theillustrative combustion device is depicted as comprising a plurality ofmetal segments welded together to form a surface for receiving an itemsuch as a skillet or other device for heating food or any othersubstance desired to be heated, any appropriate supporting structure maybe employed for placing an item atop the combustion chamber so that itmay be heated, such as a skillet for cooking food. Accordingly, thisdescription is meant to be taken only by way of example, and not tootherwise limit the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A combustion device comprising: a combustionchamber comprising an inner wall defining a combustion space thatcontains, and is in communication with, a biomass fuel source and anouter wall having a side-mounted interface port allowing access ofairflow into the combustion space enclosed within the outer wall; athermoelectric generator (TEG) housing located outside the outer walland including at least one thermally connected heat-conducting probe ona hot side thereof that extends into the combustion space, the TEGfurther including a heat sink thermally connected to a cold sidethereof; a motorized airflow driver electrically connected to the TEGand constructed and arranged to drive air from an ambient source, overthe heat sink and into the interface port so as to generate a positivepressure in the combustion space.
 2. The combustion device of claim 1,further comprising a heat transfer element arranged so as to adjustablytransfer heat generated by the combustion chamber to an externallocation.
 3. The combustion device of claim 2 wherein the heat transferelement includes baffle that, in a closed baffle condition, dispersescombustion across the external location.
 4. The combustion device ofclaim 3, wherein the external location includes a cooking surface. 5.The combustion surface as set forth in claim 4 wherein the cookingsurface comprises a grill top.
 6. The combustion device of claim 1,further comprising a rechargeable battery connected to the TEG.
 7. Thecombustion device of claim 6, further comprising a port configured toconnect to an electric device such that the electric device is chargedby the battery.
 8. The combustion device as set forth in claim 1 whereinthe combustion chamber device is constructed and arranged to beportable.